What Is The Chemical Makeup Of Cashew Nuts

Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, chemical compounds found in the beat out of the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale). An acid course of urushiol, they also cause an allergic skin rash on contact,^[i] known as urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. Anacardic acid is a yellow liquid. Information technology is partially miscible with ethanol and ether, simply virtually immiscible with h2o. Chemically, anacardic acrid is a mixture of several closely related organic compounds. Each consists of a salicylic acid substituted with an alkyl chain that has 15 or 17 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated; anacardic acid is a mixture of saturated and unsaturated molecules. The exact mixture depends on the species of the plant.^[2] The 15-carbon unsaturated side chain compound plant in the cashew found is lethal to Gram-positive bacteria.

Folk employ for molar abscesses, it is also active against acne, some insects, tuberculosis, and MRSA. It is primarily found in foods such equally cashew nuts, cashew apples, and cashew nutshell oil, simply as well in mangos and Pelargonium geraniums.^[3]

Experimental antibacterial properties [edit]

Anacardic acid (C15:3, all-Z, major component)

Names
Preferred IUPAC name 2-Hydroxy-6-[(eightZ,elevenZ)-pentadeca-eight,11,14-trienyl]benzoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	11034-77-8 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL455368 North
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.141
MeSH	anacardic+acid
PubChem CID	9875131
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70872877
SMILES C=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C22HxxxO3
Tooth mass	342.4718 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard country (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Nverify (what is Y N  ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

The side chain with iii unsaturated bonds was the most active confronting Streptococcus mutans, the molar decay bacterium, in test tube experiments. The number of unsaturated bonds was not material against Cutibacterium acnes, the acne bacterium.^[iv] Eichbaum claims that a solution of one part anacardic acid to 200,000 parts h2o to every bit depression every bit one function in ii,000,000 is lethal to Gram-positive leaner in 15 minutes in vitro. Somewhat higher ratios killed tubercle bacteria of tuberculosis in 30 minutes.^[5] Heating these anacardic acids converts them to the alcohols (cardanols) with reduced action compared to the acids. Decarboxylation, such as through heating done in most commercial oil processing, results in compounds with significantly reduced activeness.^{[6] [7]} Information technology is said that the people of the Gold Coast (now Ghana) use cashew leaves and bark for a toothache.^[8]

Industrial uses [edit]

Anacardic acid is the primary component of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), and finds use in the chemical industry for the production of cardanol, which is used for resins, coatings, and frictional materials. Cardanol is used to make phenalkamines, which are used as curing agents for the durable epoxy coatings used on concrete floors.^[9]

History [edit]

The starting time chemical analysis of the oil of the cashew nut shell from the Anacardium occidentale was published in 1847.^[x] It was after found to be a mixture rather than 1 chemical, sometimes the plural anacardic acids is used.

Synergies [edit]

Anacardic acrid is synergistic with anethole from the seed of anise (Umbelliferae) and linalool from green tea in vitro [Muroi & Kubo, p1782]. The totarol in the bark of Podocarpus trees is synergistic with anacardic acid in its bactericidal effects.^[11]

Other and potential uses [edit]

There is besides a suspicion that inhibiting anacardic acids may arrest the growth of cancer tumors such equally breast cancer. [Kubo et al., 1993] Inhibition of lysine acetyltransferase past anacardic acid was shown to brand cancer cells using culling lengthening of telomeres more sensitive to radiations.^[12]

Anacardic acid (2-hydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid) provides resistance to pocket-sized pest insects (aphids and spider mites).^[13]

Anacardic acid kills methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cells more rapidly than totarol.^[14]

Listing of anacardic acids [edit]

• vi-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6-PDSA), a potent Hat inhibitor from cashew nut crush liquid, and sensitizer of cancer cells to ionizing radiation.^[fifteen]

Run across also [edit]

• List of phytochemicals and foods in which they are prominent

References [edit]

1. ^ Rosen T, Fordice DB (Apr 1994). "Cashew nut dermatitis". Southern Medical Journal. 87 (four): 543–546. doi:10.1097/00007611-199404000-00026. PMID 8153790.
2. ^ Paul VJ, Yeddanapalli LM (1954). "Olefinic Nature of Anacardic Acrid from Indian Cashew-nut Shell Liquid". Nature. 174 (4430): 604. Bibcode:1954Natur.174..604P. doi:ten.1038/174604a0. S2CID 4249027.
3. ^ Romeo JT, ed. (2006). Integrative institute biochemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 132. ISBN978-0-08-045125-1.
4. ^ Kubo I, Muroi H, Himejima M (1993). "Structure - Antibacterial activity relationships of anacardic acids". Journal of Agronomical and Food Chemistry. 41 (6): 1016–1019 [1018]. doi:x.1021/jf00030a036.
5. ^ Eichbaum FW (1946). "Biological properties of anacardic acid (O- pentadeca dienylsalicylic acid) and related compounds. General discussion-bactericidal action". Memórias do Instituto Butantan. 19: 71–86.
6. ^ Himejima Yard, Kubo I (1991). "Antibacterial agents from the cashew Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) nutshell oil". Periodical of Agricultural and Food Chemical science. 39 (2): 418–421 [419]. doi:10.1021/jf00002a039.
7. ^ Patel NM, Patel MS (1936). "Cashew-nut shell oil and a study of the changes produced in the oil by the activeness of oestrus". Periodical of the University of Bombay, Science: Physical Sciences, Mathematics, Biological Sciences, Medicine. five (pt 2): 114–131.
8. ^ Duke JA (1983). "Cashew plants in folk medicine". Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. Horticulture & Mural Architecture, Purdue University.
9. ^ Tullo AH (September 8, 2008). "A Nutty Chemical". Chemical and Technology News. 86 (36): 26–27. doi:ten.1021/cen-v086n033.p026.
10. ^ Städeler J (1847). "Ueber dice eigenthümlichen Bestandtheile der Anacardiumfrüchte". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 63 (2): 137–164. doi:10.1002/jlac.18470630202.
11. ^ Kubo I, Muroi H, Himejima M (October 1992). "Antibacterial action of totarol and its potentiation". Journal of Natural Products. 55 (10): 1436–1440. doi:10.1021/np50088a008. PMID 1453180.
12. ^ Bakhos-Douaihy D, Desmaze C, Jeitany Thousand, Gauthier LR, Biard D, Junier MP, et al. (January 2019). "ALT cancer cells are specifically sensitive to lysine acetyl transferase inhibition". Oncotarget. 10 (7): 773–784. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26616. PMC6366824. PMID 30774779.
13. ^ Schultz DJ, Olsen C, Cobbs GA, Stolowich NJ, Parrott MM (October 2006). "Bioactivity of anacardic acrid against colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (20): 7522–7529. doi:10.1021/jf061481u. PMID 17002417.
14. ^ Muroi H, Kubo I (Apr 1996). "Antibacterial activity of anacardic acid and totarol, alone and in combination with methicillin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". The Periodical of Practical Bacteriology. 80 (four): 387–394. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03233.10. PMID 8849640.
15. ^ Rajendran P, Ho E, Williams DE, Dashwood RH (2011). "Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells". Clinical Epigenetics. 3 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1868-7083-3-iv. PMC3255482. PMID 22247744.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacardic_acids

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